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Secret

Current Phase Syrian-sponsored terrorist incidents in Western Europe resumed in 1983 with attacks on pro-Arafat Palestinians and Jordanian diplomats.

Syrian Use of Surrogates Syria increasingly uses Palestinian groups as surrogates to carry out operations in Western Europe, making it more difficult to implicate Syria in a particular incident. These surrogates often have cells in Europe that facilitate the coordination and execution of operations. Syria provides safehaven and training in facilities in Syria or Syrian-controlled territorin exchange for the surrogates' cooperation.

(b)(3)

(b)(1) (b)(3)

(b)(1) (b)(3)

Several attacks on Jordanian personnel and facilities by Abu Nidal representatives took place after Jordan renewed diplomatic relations with Egypt in September 1984 and allowed the Palestine National Council to meet in Amman the following November. Syria encouraged these attacks in order to bring pressure on the Jordanians not to proceed independently in Middle Eastern peace negotiations. Attacks against Jordanians in Western Europe, believed to have been sponsored by Syria as part of this drive, include:

Although most of the Abu Nidal Group's attacks have served Syrian interests, the group has its own agenda, and we believe operations conducted in Western Europe by this group do not always have Syrian endorsement, particularly since the group's involvement with Libya has increased.

• Attacks on 21 March 1985 on the offices of Aliathe Jordanian airline-in Rome, Athens, and Cyprus, claimed in the name of Black September, a covername used by the Abu Nidal Group,

(b)(1) (b)(3)

• The rocket attack on 3 April 1985 against the Jordanian Embassy in Rome. The attack wa:(b)(1). claimed in the name of Black September, (b)(3)

(b)(3)

.

The missile attack on 4 April 1985 against an Alia aircraft in Athens. The missile was fired at the aircraft as it took off from Athens airport. The warhead penetrated the fuselage but did not explode.

We believe Syria uses its embassies in Europe to support terrorist operations.(b)(1)(b)(3)

• The assassination on 18 September 1985 of

Jordanian publisher Michel al-Nimairi in Athens. Nimairi was a personal friend of PLO leader Yasir Arafat and publisher of the Arab-language magazine Al Nashra. The attack was claimed by Black September. (b)(3)

Secret

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Approved for Release: 2017/09/13 C05632837